** متابعات ثقافية متميزة ** Blogs al ssadh
هل تريد التفاعل مع هذه المساهمة؟ كل ما عليك هو إنشاء حساب جديد ببضع خطوات أو تسجيل الدخول للمتابعة.

** متابعات ثقافية متميزة ** Blogs al ssadh

موقع للمتابعة الثقافية العامة
 
  By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism I_icon_mini_portalالرئيسيةالأحداثالمنشوراتأحدث الصورالتسجيلدخول



مدونات الصدح ترحب بكم وتتمنى لك جولة ممتازة

وتدعوكم الى دعمها بالتسجيل والمشاركة

عدد زوار مدونات الصدح

إرسال موضوع جديد   إرسال مساهمة في موضوع
 

  By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism

اذهب الى الأسفل 
كاتب الموضوعرسالة
free men
فريق العمـــــل *****
free men


التوقيع : رئيس ومنسق القسم الفكري

عدد الرسائل : 1500

الموقع : center d enfer
تاريخ التسجيل : 26/10/2009
وســــــــــام النشــــــــــــــاط : 6

  By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism Empty
07032016
مُساهمة By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism

  By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is a movement in Ethics and Political Philosophy in 19th Century England, which proposed "the greatest goodfor the greatest number" as the overriding rule in all moral decision.

Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility in maximizing happiness or pleasure as summed among all people, i.e. the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. It starts from the basis that pleasure and happiness are intrinsically valuable, that pain and suffering are intrinsically disvaluable, and that anything else has value only in its causing happiness or preventing suffering. See the section on doctrine of Utilitarianism for more details.

This focus on happiness or pleasure as the ultimate end of moral decisions, makes Utilitarianism a type of Hedonism (and it is sometimes known as Hedonistic Utilitarianism), and its origins are often traced back to the Epicureanism of the followers of the Greek philosopher Epicurus. It can be argued that David Hume and Edmund Burke were proto-Utilitarians.

As a specific school of thought, however, Utilitarianism is generally credited to the English philosopher and social reformerJeremy BenthamBentham found pain and pleasure to be the only intrinsic values in the world, and from this he derived therule of utility: that the good is whatever brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. Bentham himself, however, attributed the origins of the theory to Joseph Priestley (1733 - 1804), the English scientist, theologian and founder ofUnitarianism in England.

Bentham's foremost proponents were James Mill (1773 - 1836) and his son John Stuart Mill, who was educated from a young age according to Bentham's principles. In his famous 1861 short work, "Utilitarianism"Mill both named the movement andrefined Bentham's original principles. He argued that culturalintellectual and spiritual pleasures are of greater value than mere physical pleasure as valued by a competent judge (which, according to Mill, is anyone who has experienced both the lower pleasures and the higher).

In his essay "On Liberty" and other works, Mill argued that Utilitarianism requires that any political arrangements satisfy theliberty principle (or harm principle), according to which the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will, is to prevent harm to others, a cornerstone of the principles of Liberalismand Libertarianism. Some Marxist philosophers have also used these principles as arguments for Socialism.

Other notable Utilitarians, after Bentham and Mill, include Henry Sidgwick (1838 - 1900), G. E. MooreBertrand Russell,Richard Hare (1919 - 2002), J. J. C. Smart (1920 - 2012) and Peter Singer (1946 - )
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
مُشاطرة هذه المقالة على: reddit

By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism :: تعاليق

لا يوجد حالياً أي تعليق
 

By Movement / School > Modern > Utilitarianism

الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة 

صفحة 1 من اصل 1

 مواضيع مماثلة

-
»  By Movement / School > Modern > Structuralism
»  By Movement / School > Modern > Rationalism
»  By Movement / School > Modern > Structuralism
»  By Branch / Doctrine > Ethics > Utilitarianism
» الحركة الثقافية cultural movement

صلاحيات هذا المنتدى:تستطيع الرد على المواضيع في هذا المنتدى
** متابعات ثقافية متميزة ** Blogs al ssadh :: Pensée-
إرسال موضوع جديد   إرسال مساهمة في موضوعانتقل الى: